Many backup tools including Percona Xtrabackup, MyLVMBackup and others use FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK to temporary make MySQL read only. In many cases the period for which server has to be made read only is very short, just few seconds, yet the impact of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK can be quite large because [...]
Virident tachIOn: New player on Flash PCI-E cards market
June 15, 2010 By 19 Comments
(Note: The review was done as part of our consulting practice, but is totally independent and fully reflects our opinion) In my talk on MySQL Conference and Expo 2010 “An Overview of Flash Storage for Databases” I mentioned that most likely there are other players coming soon. I actually was not aware about any real [...]
Checking for a live database connection considered harmful
May 5, 2010 By 38 Comments
It is very common for me to look at a customer’s database and notice a lot of overhead from checking whether a database connection is active before sending a query to it. This comes from the following design pattern, written in pseudo-code:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | function query_database(connection, sql) if !connection.is_alive() and !connection.reconnect() then throw exception end return connection.execute(sql) end |
Many of the popular development platforms do something similar to this. Two [...]
How (not) to find unused indexes
October 16, 2009 By 2 Comments
I’ve seen a few people link to an INFORMATION_SCHEMA query to be able to find any indexes that have low cardinality, in an effort to find out what indexes should be removed. This method is flawed – here’s the first reason why:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | CREATE TABLE `sales` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `customer_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `status` enum('archived','active') DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `status` (`status`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=65691 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; mysql> SELECT count(*), status FROM sales GROUP by status; +----------+---------+ | count(*) | status | +----------+---------+ |   65536 | archived | |     154 | active | +----------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.17 sec) mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM sales WHERE status='active'; # query 1 +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key   | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra      | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE     | sales | ref | status       | status | 2      | const | 196 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec) mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM sales WHERE status='archived'; # query 2 +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra      | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE     | sales | ALL | status       | NULL | NULL   | NULL | 65690 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) |
The cardinality of status index is woeful, but provided that the application [...]
When would you use SAN with MySQL ?
March 9, 2009 By 18 Comments
One question which comes up very often is when one should use SAN with MySQL, which is especially popular among people got used to Oracle or other Enterprise database systems which are quite commonly deployed on SAN. My question in such case is always what exactly are you trying to get by using SAN ?
XtraDB storage engine release 1.0.2-3 (Spring edition) codename Sapporo
March 2, 2009 By 10 Comments
Today we announce release 1.0.2-3 of our XtraDB storage engine. Here is a list of enhancements: Move to MySQL 5.1.31 Scalability fix — ability to use several rollback segments Increasing the number of rseg may be helpful for CPU scale of write-intentional workloads. See benchmark results. Scalability fix — replaced page_hash mutex to page_hash read-write [...]
How Percona does a MySQL Performance Audit
November 24, 2008 By 17 Comments
Our customers or prospective customers often ask us how we do a performance audit (it’s our most popular service). I thought I should write a blog post that will both answer their question, so I can just reply “read all about it at this URL” and share our methodology with readers a little bit. This [...]
Worse than DDOS
August 18, 2008 By 5 Comments
Today I worked on rather interesting customer problem. Site was subject what was considered DDOS and solution was implemented to protect from it. However in addition to banning the intruders IPs it banned IPs of web services which were very actively used by the application which caused even worse problems by consuming all apache slots [...]
MySQL extensions for hosting
April 24, 2008 By 11 Comments
A few weeks ago I was asked to isolate some functionalities from Mark Callaghan’s MySQL patch bundle. They were extensions adding per-user and per-table accounting to the database, accessible with a new set of commands such as SHOW TABLE_STATISTICS, SHOW INDEX_STATISTICS and SHOW USER_STATISTICS. The first two can interest anyone to periodically check what data [...]
Sharding and Time Base Partitioning
March 14, 2008 By 12 Comments
For large number of online applications once you implemented proper sharding you can consider your scaling problems solved – by getting more and more hardware you can grow. As I recently wrote it however does not mean it is the most optimal way by itself to do things. The “classical” sharding involves partitioning by user_id,site_id [...]
